📂 Introduction
In Part 1, we learned what MS-DOS is and why it’s important. Now, let’s roll up our sleeves and start using some real commands. The first set of commands you’ll master are file and directory commands. These are the building blocks of working in DOS because everything you do revolves around files and folders.
Think of it like learning the basics of moving around your house — opening doors, creating rooms, and organizing things.
🔹 1. DIR – Display Directory Contents
Purpose: Lists all files and folders in the current directory.
Syntax:
-
/P→ Shows one page at a time. -
/W→ Wide format (more compact view).
Example:
Shows files in the current directory, pausing after each screenful.
🔹 2. CD or CHDIR – Change Directory
Purpose: Moves you into a different folder.
Syntax:
Example:
Takes you into the folder named GAMES.
Tip: Typing CD.. moves you one level up (backwards).
🔹 3. MD or MKDIR – Make Directory
Purpose: Creates a new folder.
Syntax:
Example:
Creates a folder named PROJECTS inside the current directory.
🔹 4. RD or RMDIR – Remove Directory
Purpose: Deletes an empty folder.
Syntax:
Example:
Removes the PROJECTS folder (if it’s empty).
🔹 5. TREE – Display Directory Structure
Purpose: Shows the folder structure in a “tree-like” view.
Syntax:
-
/F→ Displays file names too. -
/A→ Uses text characters instead of graphical lines.
Example:
Shows the full folder + file structure of drive C.
🔹 6. PATH – Set or Display Search Path
Purpose: Tells DOS where to look for program files.
Syntax:
Example:
Instructs DOS to look for commands/programs in C:\DOS and C:\UTILS.
🔹 7. CLS – Clear Screen
Purpose: Clears all text on the screen and shows a clean prompt.
Syntax:
Example:
Wipes out all displayed commands and results — a fresh start!
✅ Conclusion
These file and directory commands are like the compass and backpack of your DOS journey. They help you navigate, create, and manage the structure of your computer.
👉 In Part 3, we’ll go deeper into File Operations Commands — how to copy, delete, rename, and move files.
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